Why Planes Don’t Fly Over the Poles Often

The Coldest Airspace on Earth

At the poles, temperatures can drop below -60°C. Such extreme cold can affect aircraft fuel, hydraulics, and sensors.

Magnetic Navigation Problems 

Compasses go wild near the poles — the Earth’s magnetic field makes navigation tricky for pilots and flight computers. 

Communication Blackout Zones 

Satellites and radio signals don’t cover the poles well, making pilot-to-ATC communication difficult or even impossible. 

Emergency Landing Risks 

There are very few airports or rescue stations near the poles — making emergency landings extremely risky and far from help. 

Limited Flight Routes 

Only certain aircraft are certified for ETOPS (Extended Operations), allowing them to fly far from alternate airports — most avoid polar zones. 

When Planes Do Fly Over Poles 

Some long-haul flights like New York to Hong Kong or Dubai to Los Angeles use polar routes — but only with special approval and tracking.